Fan moss with sporophytes on forest floor in Juneau, Alaska, USA - stock photo

Mosses are small flowerless plants that typically grow in dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients. Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants. Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilization develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. They are typically 0.2-10 cm (0.1-3.9 in) tall, though some species are much larger. Dawsonia, the tallest moss in the world, can grow to 50 cm.